July 17, 2024

Somaliland’s Coastal Treasures: Meet the Fish of the Horn of Africa

17 Jul. 2024
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Did you know that Somaliland’s coast is home to over 200 species of fish, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth?

 

Somaliland’s coastal waters are part of the larger ecosystem of the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, which are rich in marine biodiversity. While specific endemic fish species exclusive to Somaliland are not well-documented in popular literature, the region’s unique marine environment may host some unique species.

 

Different types of fish can be found along the stunning coastline of Somaliland, which extends for 740 kilometers along the Gulf of Aden. This area is home to a diverse range of fish species, making it a rich fishing ground. Some of the common types of fish found in this region include:

Tuna Species

Yellowfin Tuna: Known for its bright yellow dorsal fin and high-speed swimming. Found in tropical and subtropical waters, it’s a popular target for commercial and sport fishing due to its size and flavor.

Skipjack Tuna: Smaller, striped fish often found in schools. It’s a staple in canned tuna products and an important species in commercial fisheries.

Albacore Tuna: Recognizable for its long pectoral fins, it’s prized for its mild flavor and is often labeled as “white tuna” in canned products.

Blackeye Tuna: Smaller and less commonly known, with a distinctive black spot near the eye.

Groupers

The Gulf of Aden hosts around 16 species of groupers, mainly from the Epinephelus genus. These fish are known for their robust bodies and large mouths. Groupers are typically found near coral reefs and rocky outcrops and are valued for their firm, white flesh.
Sardines

Sardines

Approximately five species of sardines can be found in the Gulf of Aden. Sardines are small, schooling fish known for their high oil content and nutritional value. They play a crucial role in the marine food web and are commonly used in bait, food products, and fishmeal.

Mugillids (Mullets)

This group includes about five species of mullets. Mullets are characterized by their elongated bodies and distinctively forked tails. They are commonly found in coastal waters and estuaries, feeding on detritus and small invertebrates.

Seabreams (Sparids)

Around five species of seabreams inhabit the Gulf of Aden. Seabreams are medium-sized fish known for their compressed bodies and sharp teeth, adapted for crushing shells. They are popular in both commercial and recreational fishing.

Croakers

Mainly from the Argyrosomus genus, there are about four species of croakers. These fish are named for the croaking sound they produce using their swim bladder. Croakers are often found in coastal and estuarine environments.

Mackerel

Various species of mackerel are common in the Gulf of Aden. Mackerel are fast-swimming, pelagic fish with streamlined bodies and a striking blue-green coloration. They are highly valued for their oily flesh and are a key species in commercial fisheries.

Scads

Around seven species of scads are present. These fish are medium-sized, with streamlined bodies adapted for fast swimming. Scads are often found in schools and are important for both commercial fisheries and as prey for larger predators.

Additionally, the region is known for its diverse coral reef fish, including butterflyfish, angelfish, and parrotfish. Larger predators such as barracuda and sharks are also present in the Gulf of Aden.​